Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in steatosis and steatohepatitis.

BACKGROUND: Fatty liver disease is a problem in both bariatric patients and in patients with moderate obesity. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha has been frequently measured in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with or without diabetes, but less is known about interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10. METHODS: Moderately obese patients (n = 80) with histologically proven steatosis (n = 29) and NASH (n = 51) were recruited. Serum levels of cytokines were documented along with clinical information. The aim was to identify the correlates of such biomolecules in a stable population. RESULTS: Diabetes tended to be more associated with NASH (52.5% instead of 41.4%, P = 0.015), with no difference of age, gender, or body mass index regarding steatosis. For the entire population, cytokine changes were not significant, including TNF-alpha and IL-6. In diabetics only, all markers tended to diminish with NASH, especially IL-10 (P = 0.000). IL-10 correlated with homeostatic model assessment index (P = 0.000) and other variables of glucose homeostasis in diabetes, thus representing a major marker of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Generally inconsistent changes in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines occurred when NASH was globally compared to steatosis. (2) In contrast, downregulation of IL-6 and IL-10 was perceived in diabetics with NASH. (3) Arterial hypertension did not play a role in these circumstances. (4) IL-10 maintained strong correlations with glucose metabolism indices. (5) TNF-alpha could not be incriminated for progressive liver damage, as values failed to increase in NASH. (6) Investigations of IL-10 and other counterregulatory cytokines are lacking in this context and deserve further studies.

Principais processos neoplásicos encontrados em psitacídeos mantidos em cativeiro / Main neoplasic processes in psittacines birds kept in captivity

Um estudo anatomopatológico envolvendo 130 psitacídeos oriundos de centros de triagens, zoológicos e criadouros, visando a determinação da causa de morte destes animais, revelou a presença de neoplasias em sete animais, totalizando 5,4 por cento dos casos. Os processos neoplasicos foram caracterizados como colangiocarcinoma, colangioma, linfoma, hemangiossarcoma e carcinoma renal primário, sendo o colangiocarcinoma o mais freqüentemente encontrado, presente em três animais. Este trabalho descreve estas neoplasias, levando em consideração os aspectos macro e microscópicos, meios de diagnósticos e espécies acometidas.

An anatomopathologic study of 130 captivy psittacines from zoos, breeders and rehabilitation centers showed the presence of neoplastic disease in seven birds, totalizing 5.4 percent of the cases. The neoplasms were identified like cholangiocarcinoma, cholangioma, lymphoma, haemangiosarcoma and renal cell carcinoma. The cholangiocarcinoma was the tumor most commonly observed. it was present in birds. This study describes the macro and microscopic findings of these tumors; also reports diagnostic methods employed to identify these neoplasms.

Contribuiçäo da ultra-sonografia no diagnóstico dos tumores endócrinos do pâncreas / Contribution of the ultrasonography for pancreatic endocrine tumors diagnosis

Revisäo de 12 casos de tumores endócrinos do pâncreas, todos submetidos à ultrasonografia pré-operatória e 5 à intra-operatória com confirmaçäo anatomopatológica. Correta localizaçäo foi obtida em 7 dos 12 pacientes. Resultados falsos positivos foram encontrados em 2 casos e a ultra-sonografia foi tecnicamente limitada nos restantes 3 casos, os quais consideramos falsos negativos. A ultra-sonografia intra-operatória contribuiu em 100% dos casos (5/5) para a localizaçäo de pelo menos uma lesäo e determinou o tipo de abordagem cirúrgica em 3 dos 5 pacientes. Por essa razäo, consideramos que a ultra-sonografia intra-operatória deve ser utilizada de forma sistemática quando há suspeita dessa entidade